Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage.
本句谓语动词为are working on developing,主语从前往后找为:agencies and companies,宾语为technology;
主谓之间throughout the world做定语修饰主语,宾语后有that从句,到句末结束,that从句内部嵌套了一个before时间状语从句修饰修饰that从句,理解时,需放到that从句前或that从句谓语动词前;
(全世界的)机构和公司正在开发一种科技能够(在它导致严重损害之前)解决或者捕捉到太空碎片。