Grade inflation—the gradual increase in average GPAs(grade-point averages) over the past few decades—is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. (2019 text 2)
断句：(1)利用标点断句：双破折号之间内容单独成句;(2)利用标点+从属连词断句：在in which 前面断开，前后长度均在5-15词之间，且结构完整。
语法分析：
主干成分—Grade inflation is often considered a product.
修饰成分——①双破折号之间内容为grade inflation的同位语，对Grade inflation进行解释说明;②介词短语of a consumer era作后置定语，修饰名词product;③介词短语in higher education作定语，修饰名词短语 a consumer era;④最后一部分为in which引导的定语从句。
难点分析：①同位语the gradual increase in average GPAs(grade-point averages) over the past few decades，其中in average GPAs(grade-point averages) 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰gradual increase; over the past few decades定语，修饰average GPAs。②定语从句 in which students are treated like customers to be pleased，属于分隔结构，修饰a consumer era。其中，从句中的主干是students are treated，为主谓结构;like customers to be pleased为状语。
重点词汇：Grade inflation 分数膨胀;consumer era 消费时代;product 产物
翻译：分数膨胀，即过去几十年来平均学分绩点的逐渐上升，经常被视为高等教育中消费时代的产物，在这个时代中，学生们被当成需要被取悦的消费者。
上海应用技术大学2025考研招生入学考试大纲：760马克思主义基本原理
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